銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)用(yong)量(liang)包括主軸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)、進(jin)給(gei)(gei)速(su)度、背吃刀(dao)量(liang)和(he)側(ce)吃刀(dao)量(liang)。銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)進(jin)給(gei)(gei)量(liang)是(shi)指刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)周，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)與刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)沿進(jin)給(gei)(gei)方(fang)向的(de)相對位(wei)移量(liang)，其單(dan)位(wei)是(shi)mm／r。進(jin)給(gei)(gei)速(su)度是(shi)單(dan)位(wei)時間(jian)內工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)與銑刀(dao)進(jin)給(gei)(gei)方(fang)向的(de)相對位(wei)移量(liang)，其單(dan)位(wei)是(shi)mm/min。切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)用(yong)量(liang)的(de)大小對切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)力、切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)功率、刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)磨損加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)和(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本均有顯著影響(xiang)。機床(chuang)配件(jian)(jian)數控加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)選擇切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)用(yong)量(liang)時，就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)保(bao)證(zheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)和(he)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)壽(shou)命的(de)前(qian)提下(xia)，充(chong)分發(fa)揮機床(chuang)性能和(he)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)性能，使(shi)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)效率蕞高(gao)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本蕞低。

    (一(yi))背吃(chi)刀(dao)量(liang)/(端(duan)銑/)或(huo)側(ce)吃(chi)刀(dao)量(liang)/(圓周銑/)的選(xuan)擇

    背吃刀量(liang)o，為(wei)平行于銑(xian)(xian)刀軸線測(ce)量(liang)的切削層尺寸(cun)，單位為(wei)mill。端銑(xian)(xian)時o。為(wei)切削層深度(du)；而(er)圓周銑(xian)(xian)時，ot/)為(wei)被加工表面的寬度(du)。

    側吃(chi)刀量(liang)o。為(wei)(wei)垂直(zhi)于銑(xian)刀軸(zhou)線測量(liang)的切削(xue)層尺寸，單位為(wei)(wei)mm。o。端銑(xian)時為(wei)(wei)被加工表面的寬度，而(er)圓周銑(xian)時為(wei)(wei)切削(xue)層的深度。

    背(bei)吃刀量(liang)或側機床配件吃刀量(liang)的(de)選(xuan)取主要(yao)由加(jia)工(gong)余量(liang)和對表面質量(liang)的(de)要(yao)求決定。

    (1)在工件(jian)表面粗(cu)糙度(du)值要求(qiu)較大時，如果圓(yuan)周(zhou)銑削的加工余量(liang)小(xiao)于5mm，端銑的加工余量(liang)小(xiao)于6mm，則粗(cu)銑一次進給(gei)(gei)就可以達到要求(qiu)。但在余量(liang)較大，工藝(yi)加工中心系統(tong)剛(gang)性(xing)較差或機(ji)床(chuang)動力不足時，可多分幾次進給(gei)(gei)完成。

    (2)在工件表面粗糙度(du)值(zhi)要求較小(xiao)時(shi)，可分粗銑和半(ban)精(jing)銑兩(liang)步進行。粗銑時(shi)背(bei)吃(chi)刀(dao)量或側吃(chi)刀(dao)量選取同(tong)前。粗銑后(hou)留0．5—1．Omm的余量，在半(ban)精(jing)銑時(shi)切除。

    (3)在工件(jian)表面粗(cu)糙度值要求很小時，可分粗(cu)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)、半(ban)精銑(xian)(xian)(xian)和精銑(xian)(xian)(xian)三(san)步(bu)機床(chuang)配件(jian)進行(xing)。半(ban)精銑(xian)(xian)(xian)時背(bei)吃刀(dao)(dao)量或側(ce)(ce)吃刀(dao)(dao)量取1．5—2mm，精銑(xian)(xian)(xian)時圓周銑(xian)(xian)(xian)側(ce)(ce)吃刀(dao)(dao)量取0．3—0．5mm，面銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)背(bei)吃刀(dao)(dao)量0．5—lmm。

    (二)進給量和進給速度2的選(xuan)擇

    進(jin)給量(liang)與進(jin)給速(su)度(du)(du)(du)是衡量(liang)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心重要參(can)數，根(gen)據零(ling)件的(de)(de)表(biao)面粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)要求、刀(dao)(dao)具及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件材料(liao)等因素，參(can)考有關切(qie)削(xue)(xue)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)手冊(ce)選(xuan)取。機(ji)床配件切(qie)削(xue)(xue)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)進(jin)給速(su)度(du)(du)(du)還應(ying)與主(zhu)軸轉速(su)和(he)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)深度(du)(du)(du)等切(qie)削(xue)(xue)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)相適(shi)應(ying)，不能(neng)顧此(ci)失彼。工(gong)(gong)(gong)件剛性(xing)差或刀(dao)(dao)具強度(du)(du)(du)低時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)取小值。加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)表(biao)面粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)要求較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)時(shi)(shi)，進(jin)給量(liang)應(ying)選(xuan)的(de)(de)小些，但不能(neng)選(xuan)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)小，過(guo)(guo)小的(de)(de)進(jin)給量(liang)反(fan)而(er)會使(shi)表(biao)面粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)增(zeng)(zeng)大。輪廓加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，選(xuan)擇進(jin)給量(liang)時(shi)(shi)還應(ying)注(zhu)意輪廓拐(guai)(guai)角處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)“超程(cheng)(cheng)”和(he)“欠(qian)程(cheng)(cheng)”問(wen)題。用(yong)(yong)圓柱銑刀(dao)(dao)銑削(xue)(xue)圖示輪廓表(biao)面時(shi)(shi)，銑刀(dao)(dao)由A向B運動，進(jin)給速(su)度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)時(shi)(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)慣(guan)性(xing)在拐(guai)(guai)角D處(chu)(chu)可能(neng)出(chu)現超程(cheng)(cheng)現象，拐(guai)(guai)角處(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)金屬被多切(qie)去一些。為此(ci)要選(xuan)擇變化的(de)(de)進(jin)給量(liang)，即在接近拐(guai)(guai)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心。銑削(xue)(xue)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)進(jin)給量(liang)角處(chu)(chu)應(ying)當適(shi)當降(jiang)低進(jin)給量(liang)，過(guo)(guo)拐(guai)(guai)角后再逐漸升高(gao)(gao)，以(yi)保證(zheng)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)。另外，在切(qie)削(xue)(xue)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，由于(yu)(yu)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)力的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，機(ji)床配件使(shi)機(ji)床、工(gong)(gong)(gong)件和(he)刀(dao)(dao)具的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝系統(tong)產生(sheng)變形，從而(er)使(shi)刀(dao)(dao)具產生(sheng)滯后，在拐(guai)(guai)角處(chu)(chu)會產生(sheng)欠(qian)程(cheng)(cheng)現象，采用(yong)(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)加減速(su)程(cheng)(cheng)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心序段或暫停程(cheng)(cheng)序的(de)(de)方法，可以(yi)減少由此(ci)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)前呈現象。